Lend vs Borrow

Let’s talk about the difference between Lend and Borrow.
When we BORROW something, we take or we get something from somebody. But we need to give it back.

And when we LEND, we give to somebody.But not permanently. We give it to them for a short period of time and then we expect to get it back or we expect them to return it to us.

Examples:

– May I borrow a pen?
– She borrowed a jacket from my mom.
– He won’t lend me a pen.
– Mary lent John $2000.

By vs until 🙃

Use “by” to talk about a deadline. When we use “by” we are only concerned about the deadline or the time when something or some period ends.

• The students must turn in their reports by Friday.
• We need to submit this by 5 pm.

We use “until” to talk about the period of time from a starting point until a deadline or the end of some period of time. So, “by” only refers to the deadline, but “until” refers to all the time between now and the end of something.

• I have to work until 10 pm.
• We can hand in the report any day until Friday.

“Until” can also be used in a longer form “from + starting time + until + ending time”.

• I will work from 9 until 5.

Notice that we do not use the words “need”, “have”, or “must” with “until”. Instead, we often use words like “will”, “can”, and “be verbs” with “until”.

Look at the difference between these sentences.

• I can’t leave until 3 pm.

This means that it is impossible for me to leave before 3 pm.

• I must leave by 3 pm.

This means that I need to leave any time before 3 pm. If I leave after 3 pm, then there will be some sort of problem or trouble.

Loose /luːs/: suelto/flojo/relajado

Lose /luːz/: perder/extraviar/ser vencido

I want to ___ weight .

A) lose
B) loose

Which one is correct?

So is used before an adjective for emphasis (to make the statement stronger). Let’s compare these sentences:

so + adjective

The soup is hot.
The soup is so hot.

The second sentence is stronger. Here, so has a similar meaning to ‘very‘ (but it is a little stronger).

Too is used for emphasis also, but it means ‘more than needed’ or ‘more than enough.’ It is used to show that something is bad (negative) or that something is over the desired limit.

John is so tall. He plays basketball well. (His tallness is not a bad thing)
John is too tall. He cannot sit comfortably on an airplane. (His tallness is a bad thing)

The second sentence means that he is very tall and that is a bad thing. His height is over the limit. He is 2 meters tall. Therefore he cannot fit on an airplane. John is too tall.

Let’s look at more examples.

You work so hard. I wish everyone worked like you. 🙂
You work too hard. You should take a break. 🙁

Again, the second sentence is a negative comment. You are saying that the person works more than enough and should work less.